Derived the optimal maximum likelihood estimator for the number of nodes in Kademlia-style DHTs. Shown that the estimator averages logarithmic distances of the k-th closest nodes returned from several lookups. Found the Cramér-Rao bound for the efficient estimator. Proved the asymptotic efficiency of the estimator by statistical simulation.
Set of examples that demystifies the 'Two Worlds' of TanStack Start. By comparing these side-by-side, we try to expose how Tanner Linsley’s 'Server-Owned' claim coexists with his 'Client-Owned' philosophy.